Diabetes mellitus:
Diabetes also known as diabetes mellitus means to pass through is a disease that occurs when blood glucose (a sugar: that is the body's main source of fuel) is too high. A pancreas is very important because it play an important role in transferring food into fuel for the body cells to maintain energy and helps in the digestion process. They also regulate the amount of sugar in the blood with the help of hormones called insulin and glucagon.
What is the role of pancreas in diabetes?
When someone eats a heavy meal the food is converted into glucose and enters in the blood to be transported to cells. So the special cells in the pancreas sense this and release insulin to help decrease blood sugar levels. It does this by activating a system that transports excess glucose. On the other hand if the level of blood sugar is low the pancreas then releases another hormone called glucagon which tells the cells and liver to release the stored sugar back into the blood. But in some cases, the pancreas doesn't work effectively and fails to produce adequate insulin leading to the condition of diabetes. Due to the lack of insulin glucose stays in the blood and builds up resulting in the hardening of blood vessels. That can lead to multiple issues like strokes, heart attack, or kidney failure.
What are the types of diabetes?
Diabetes comes in different forms namely
- Type 1 diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes
- Gestational diabetes
In type 1 body does not create insulin because immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce it. In type 2 the pancreas cannot produce insulin as the well body cannot use it effectively. Lastly, gestational diabetes develops in some women during pregnancy trivia time. According to who World health organization about 422 million people worldwide have diabetes. Over the age of 65 the diabetes affects one in four people. The diabetic patient are about 90 to 95 percent of adult cases are type 2 diabetes.
What are the causes of diabetes?
The causes of type 2 diabetes are quite different from type 1 diabetes. The body attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It's not clear why this happens but there may be something in the environment like a virus that can trigger type 1 diabetes and people who are genetically predispose to getting it. They diet may also play a role in it. The reason is that the type 1 diabetes is less common in people with breastfeeding. It is also less common in those people that ate solid foods at later stages. Unlike type 2 is not connect with obesity or having a sedentary life.
What causes Type 2 diabetes?
There are two main causes of diabetes type 2 proliferations such as:
- Genes
- Poor lifestyle
According to recent research, the majority of genetic variations are associated with type 2 diabetes. They act by the subtle changes in the amount, the timing, and the location of the gene activity. This expression is called a gene expression. These changes in the expression of the genes involved in many aspects of type 2 diabetes including the development and function of beta cells in the pancreas.
Gene also controls the release and processing of insulin and even the cell's Sensitivity. So, everything is determine by genetics. As a result, people gain weight due to genetic predisposition. But lifestyle factors actually like poor eating habits and the lack of adequate exercise combine with the genetically poor insulin reserve in the pancreas then that leads to diabetes.
Pancreas is a small nice pear-shape organ located behind the stomach. It produces enzymes that actually help to digest the food and it also makes the hormones to regulate the metabolism primarily insulin and glucagon. Now studies have shown that there are certain genetic factors for example at least 150 DNA variations and these variations increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
What causes Type 1 diabetes?
In the case of type 1 diabetes, there is a gene call INS gene. That provides instructions to the body for producing the insulin hormone. This insulin helps the body for the control of blood sugar levels in the blood for keeping body healthy. If mutations occur in that INS gene then a person has type 1 diabetes. Now, this disorder is characterize by an inability to produce insulin and increase susceptibility to infections. So most of the time type 1 diabetes develops in childhood or early adolescence. But it can also diagnose at any age. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes are not really much different than type 2 such as:
- Thirst frequent
- Urination
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
Why is it important to treat diabetes?
If it cannot be treating than both types 1 and type 2 diabetes can lead to quite serious complications such as:
- Heart disease
- Kidney damage
The best way to protect from diabetes is to live a healthy lifestyle. Also get regular checkups. Diabetes really is an insulin deficiency.
Which organ regulates blood sugar?
It is insulin and insulin has many functions. One main function is to act as a cellular key to allow glucose to go into the cell. Another function is to lower sugar levels in the blood. If there wasn't enough insulin the sugar is going to go high. When a person has insulin deficiency, especially in a pre-diabetic state called insulin resistance or just diabetes. In type 2 bodies makes more insulin to compensate for the insulin deficiency.